SCAPULA- Anatomy

-
SCAPULA

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Hypersensitivity Reaction

-
Image
HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION Introduction – • Immune response is generally a protective process but it may sometimes be injurious to the host.  Definition – • The term hypersensitivity reefer's to the injurious consequences in the sensitised host following contact with specific antigen. • Classification – • Based on time required for sensitised host to develop clinical reaction on reexposure to the antigen. • Immediate hypersensitivity (B cell mediated) – • Anaphylaxis • Atopy • Antibody mediated cell damage • Arthrus phenomenon • Serum sickness • Delayed hypersensitivity (T cell mediated) – • Tuberculin type • Contact dermatitis • Comb's & gel classification – • Type I – (anaphylaxis & atopy) • Type II – (cytotoxic, Ig G mediated) • Type III – (immune complex) • Type IV – (delayed or cell mediated) Type I [Anaphylaxis & Atopy Reaction] – • Anaphylaxis – acute, potentially fatal, systemic. • Atopy – Recurrent, non – fatal, localised. • Mec...
Read more

Dental Ceramics

-
DENTAL CERAMICS INTRODUCTION • A quote a 10th century European reflecting on the porcelain • "A ceramic so white that it was comparable only to snow, so  strong that vessels needed walls only 2-3 mm thick and  consequently light could shine through it. So continuous was  the internal structure that a dish, if lightly struck would ring  like a bell. This is porcelain!" Derived from: the Greek word ‘keramos’ meaning ‘potter’s clay’/ burnt stuff. covers various materials • hard,  • brittle,  • non metallic,  • heat-resistant and  • corrosion-resistant. Definition of ceramics: GPT-8 • Ceramics  1: Compounds of one or more metals with a nonmetallic  element, usually oxygen. They are formed of  chemical and biochemical stable substances that are  strong, hard, brittle, and inert non-conductors of thermal and electrical energy. 2: The art of making porcelain dental restorations. Made by: • Shaping and then firing a nonmetallic  n...
Read more

Non Sporing Anaerobes

-
Non – sporing anaerobes – • Have been recognized as an important cause of human & animal. • Commensal flora of man & animal in mouth oropharynx, gastrointestinal tract & genital tract. Anaerobes have been estimated to be 104 – 105/ml in small intestine, 108/ml in saliva, 1011/qm in colon. • When body resistance is lowered – opportunistic infection.] • Classification – • I] Cocci – • A] Gram Positive • a. peptostreptococcus. • b. Peptococcus. • B] Gram Negative • Villanelle. • II] Bacilli – • 1] Endospore forming • Clostridia.  2] Non – sporing • A] Gram positive – • a. Eubacterium. • b. Propinibacterium. • c. Lactobacillus. • d. Mobiluncus. • e. Bifidobacterium. • f. Actinomyces. • B] Gram negative – • a. Bacteroides. • b. Prevotellia. • c. Porphyromonas. • d. Fusobacterium. • e. Leptotrichia. • III] Spirochetes – • a. Treponema. • b. Borrelia. • Several anaerobes that occurs in soil & water which may be industrial & agr...
Read more